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From Tourist Attractions to Heritage Tourism – Pat
Yale
third edition - October 2004
Book, A4 wirebound, approx 294 pages, colour illustrations, polypropylene box, ISBN 978-1-85450-434-0 (ISBN-10 1 85450 434 7) - £29.95
Student edition,
(5 copies or more) direct from elm publications A4 wirebound, black and white illustrations, no box, ISBN
978-1-85450-520-0 (ISBN-10 1 85450 520 3)
@ GBP £19.95 each
Introduction
Visitor
attractions lie at the heart of the leisure tourism industry; without them
there would be little point in anyone travelling and no need for the various accommodation
and transport undertakings that make up the industry. However, while many
guidebooks and gazetteers describe individual attractions, less has been
written about the overall attractions industry. This book attempts to fill that
gap and is particularly aimed at teachers and lecturers involved with travel
and tourism courses up to degree level. Students may also find it helpful, as
may people working in the industry itself and in tourist offices and
information centres around the country.
The term ‘tourist attractions’ covers sites as
diverse as national parks and stately homes. For convenience of discussion I
have divided them into narrower categories than those usually used by the
tourist boards. Even so there is considerable overlap between the chapters.
Although I have chosen to treat them as ‘miscellaneous historical attractions’,
many heritage centres could as easily have been considered in the chapters on
museums or industrial heritage. Steam railways and canals are clearly part of
the industrial heritage. However, I have dealt with them separately because the
business of running a preserved railway or canal is very different from that of
presenting a disused mill to the public. The chapter on heritage marketing is
not an introduction to marketing concepts, a job well done by other excellent
books already on the market. Instead it examines specific ways of marketing
attractions.
Dealing with the UK’s many attractions was job
enough, without considering those in the rest of the world as well. However, it
would be senseless to discuss theme parks without mentioning the pioneering
parks in the USA, or to consider wildlife attractions while excluding the
African game parks. In the book I have also tried to show that change is as
important a theme in the attractions industry as elsewhere in tourism. Many of
the ideas for change in heritage presentation originated outside the UK. So
although in general the book focuses on Britain, occasionally it also ventures
further afield.
My interest in tourist attractions as an industry
rather than just as pleasant places to visit was first sparked by a Neal
Ascherson review in The Observer
which led me to Robert Hewison’s The
Heritage Industry. To this I am indebted for inspiration. I am also
grateful to VisitBritain, VisitScotland, and the Wales and Northern Ireland
Tourist Boards for providing many of the statistics from which I have worked.
Help has also come from press and information officers too many to name
individually. I am immensely grateful to all of them. It goes without saying
that errors in interpreting the information they supplied are mine alone.
The most striking changes since the second edition
of this book was published have been the bonanza provided by the Millennium in
terms of new and improved attractions and the ongoing improvements to many
attractions being made possible by funding from the National Lottery. Since the
last edition appeared Britain’s national museums and art galleries have also
returned to a policy of free admission, leading to a big boost in their visitor
numbers.
On the downside, the increased number of private
sector tourist attraction operators has brought about a decrease in
transparency about how many people are visiting attractions and how much money
is being made from them. Of the 6000-odd attractions to which surveys were sent
by the tourist boards in 2003, only 3,063 of them responded and of those that
did respond several requested that the data be kept confidential. That might
not matter so much if the missing data came from Small Town Museum X. However,
when it is borne in mind that data from all the Tussaud Group attractions
(Alton Towers, Thorpe Park, Madame Tussaud’s etc) except the London Eye is
excluded it will give you some idea of the problem. None of the Heritage
Projects attractions made their data available either. Woburn Abbey is another absentee from
the lists. So increasingly the tables in this book must be read with an
awareness of what they conceal as much as for what they reveal. Neatly rounded
figures for visitor numbers should also be assumed to be estimates.
Pat Yale, May 2004
The Author
Pat Yale studied history at Newnham College, Cambridge. Following holiday jobs in Gunnersbury Museum and the Council for Places of Worship and several seasons of archaeological digging, she started work as a travel agent for Thomas Cook Ltd. She then became an agency trainer for American Express Travel. After a period as an associate lecturer in travel and tourism at Soundwell College in Bristol, teaching on the BTEC National Travel and Tourism course, she became a freelance travel writer.
Her other books include:
Tourism in the UK (Elm Publications, 1992), The Business of Tour Operations (Pearson), The Budget Travel Handbook (Horizon), and innumerable Lonely Planet titles
Top of the Page
Contents
Book list and Index
Book – A4 wirebound for ease of use, 374pp
Top of the Page
List of Figures - photographs, tables, maps, exhibits and diagrams
|
Britain’s Top Twenty Attractions in 2002 |
|
Attractions Open All Year Round by Category |
|
Most Popular Attractions in Wales, 2002 |
|
Cardiff Bay Visitor Centre |
|
Most Popular Tourist Attractions in Northern Ireland, 2002 |
|
Top of the Range Toilets |
|
Recommended Numbers of Visitors for Highway Signs |
|
White on Brown and Other Tourist Signs |
|
Who Owned the UK’s Tourist Attractions in 2001 |
|
Government Funding for Heritage and the Arts |
|
National Lottery Fund Distribution |
|
Lottery-funded Projects – The Dome & the British
Museum Great Court |
|
Number of Visitors to Tourist Attractions in the UK, 2001 |
|
Manifesto of the Kids in Museums Campaign |
|
Average number of Visits to Historic Sites by
Schoolchildren 2001 |
|
Access for All Visitors – Fort Regent |
|
Ways to Make Life Easier for Disabled Visitors |
|
Average Revenue per Visitor by Type Of Attraction, 2001 |
|
Length of Stay by Type of Tourist Attraction, 2001 |
|
The word ‘Museum’ has unfortunate associations in some visitors’ minds |
|
The British Museum, South Entrance, London |
|
The Reading Room |
|
Visitors to the British Museum since 1808 |
|
The Living & Dying Exhibition Summer 2004 |
|
The Changing Face of Modern Museums |
|
Museums |
|
The Old School, now the Cromwell Museum, Huntingdon |
|
UK Museums, Galleries and Stately Homes with Designated Collections |
|
To charge or Not to charge? |
|
Housing the Museums |
|
The Children’s Shop at the British Museum |
|
Attendance at Great Britain’s Ten Most Popular Museums in 2002 |
|
Recent Winners of the National Heritage Museum of the Year Award |
|
A Specialist, Local Museum: the Norris Museum, St Ives |
|
Types of Museum |
|
Open Air Museums: Stansted Mountfitchet and Eden Camp,
Malton |
|
Visitors to the Historic Royal Palaces in 2002 |
|
Britain's Most-visited castles in 2002 |
|
Castles: Eilean Donan, Dover and Warwick |
|
Burghley House, Stamford, Lincolnshire |
|
Britain’s Most-visited Historic Houses in 2002 |
|
Position of Treasure Houses of England (map) |
|
Britain’s Most-visited Gardens in 2002 |
|
Gardens: The Eden Project, Kew Gardens & Hever Castle |
|
The Palm House, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew |
|
The UK’s Most-visited Cathedrals in 2002 |
|
Position of Britain’s Cathedrals (map) |
|
Cathedrals: Ely, St Paul’s, London and Exeter |
|
Where the Money to Repair Wells Cathedral Came From |
|
Shops in Exeter Cathedral Close |
|
England’s most visited churches in 2002 |
|
Some churches now offer tea at the vicarage as a way to attract more visitors |
|
Churches: Active, Unused & Reused |
|
Reuse of Redundant Churches and Chapels in England |
|
King’s College Chapel, Cambridge |
|
The UK’s Most-visited Abbey ruins in 2002 |
|
Temple in Bangkok, Thailand |
|
Famous religious sites & buildings worldwide popular with tourists |
|
Categories of Ancient Monument |
|
Top Ten Archaeological Sites in Great Britain in 2002 |
|
Wayland
Smithy and West Kennet Longbarrow, Wiltshire |
|
Avebury Stone Circle, Wiltshire and Sutton Hoo Burial
Ship, Suffolk |
|
Stonehenge and Visitors |
|
Reuse of Redundant Historic Buildings |
|
Number of Conservation Areas 1994-2002 |
|
Plaques Commemorating Famous People and Buildings |
|
Old Monuments: Nelson’s Column, London and Culloden Stone, Scotland |
|
Recent Statues: Our Lady of the Isles, South Uist and
Molly Malone, Dublin |
|
Domestic Attendances at Arts Activities by Social Class |
|
The UK’s Most-visited Art Galleries in 2002 |
|
Bankside – Tate Modern & the Millennium Bridge,
London |
|
BALTIC, Gateshead |
|
Statues and Art Installations: Angel of the North, Gateshead; Street Art, Edinburgh Festival; and Oscar Wilde, Dublin |
|
Bankside –
The Globe Theatre, London |
|
Theatres: The Ambassador, Dublin and the Empire, Sunderland |
|
Theatreland, London (map) |
|
Theatres: The Old Vic and the Jeanetta Cochrane, London; Chichester Festival Theatre |
|
Cinemas: IMAX Theatre at The Think Tank, Birmingham |
|
The Royal Albert Hall, London |
|
Some
Major Arts Festivals in the UK, 2004 |
|
Industrial Heritage: National Waterways Museum, Gloucester and Coldharbour Working Wool Museum, Uffculme, Devon |
|
Mills: Coldharbour Mill, Uffculme, Devon |
|
Docklands Revived: London, Cardiff, Gateshead |
|
The Iron Bridge, Ironbridge Gorge, Staffordshire |
|
Britain’s Most-visited Workplace Attractions in 2002 |
|
Gladstone Working Pottery Museum |
|
The Heritage Railways of Wales (map) |
|
Top Ten Steam/Heritage Railways in 2002 |
|
Transport History – Rail, Canal and Air |
|
Site Map of the Wigan Pier Heritage Centre |
|
The Kennet and Avon Canal |
|
Tower Bridge, London |
|
National Parks and AONBs in England and Wales (map) |
|
Existing and Proposed National Parks of Scotland (map) |
|
The National Parks of England and Wales |
|
Turf Fen Windmill, Norfolk Broads |
|
The Countryside as an Attraction: Cuillins, Isle of Skye; Lake Coniston and Hawkshead, Lake District; and Glastonbury, Somerset |
|
Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in England and Wales |
|
National Scenic Areas in Scotland (map) |
|
Environmentally Sensitive Areas of the UK |
|
The Cornish Cyder Farm, Penhallow, Cornwall |
|
Britain’s Most Popular Open Farms in 2002 |
|
Top Ten Country Parks in 2002 |
|
Heritage Coasts in England and Wales |
|
Glen Brittle, Isle of Skye (forest) |
|
Extent of the National Forest 2003 (map) |
|
National Trails and other Walking Routes in England and Wales (map) |
|
Visitor Numbers to Sites Along Hadrian’s Wall |
|
Hadrian’s Wall – Route, Location and Photos |
|
Natural Scenery |
|
Waterfalls |
|
Some of Africa’s Big Game Parks |
|
Wildlife Attractions |
|
The UK’s Most Popular Zoos in 2002 |
|
Giraffe House, London Zoo |
|
The UK’s Most Popular Underwater Attractions in 2002 |
|
The UK’s Most-visited Safari and Wildlife Parks in 2002 |
|
Sites of Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Reserves in the UK (map) |
|
Admissions to the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Reserves in 2002 |
|
Most Popular RSPB Reserves in 2002 |
|
RSPB Reserves Open to the Public in the UK (map) |
|
Two Tussaud’s Group Attractions – The BA London Eye and Alton Towers |
|
The London Dungeon |
|
The USA’s Biggest Theme Parks in 2004 |
|
Major UK Leisure/Theme Parks in 2002 |
|
British Piers |
|
Tourist Towns – Old and New: Cambridge; and Birmingham |
|
The ‘Milk-Run’ Towns and their Traditional Attractions |
|
The ‘New’ Tourist Towns of the UK (map) |
|
London Shops as Attractions: Covent Garden and Liberty |
|
Gateshead Metro Centre |
|
Important Dates in Britain’s Events Calendar |
|
Events and Festivals: Whistler, Canada; Windsor, Berkshire; Hemingford Abbots, Cambridgeshire |
|
Sites for the Olympic Games |
|
The Liverpool Garden Festival 1984 |
|
International Events Calendar |
|
The European Cities/Capitals of Culture |
|
Britain’s World Heritage Sites in 2004 (map) |
|
Symbol of a World Heritage Site |
|
The Acropolis, Athens, Greece |
|
Visitor Survey used at @Bristol 2003 |
|
Visitors Pay to Park – Avebury, Wiltshire and Clovelly, Devon |
|
Admission Fees at Madame Tussaud’s 2004 |
|
Disney Shop |
|
Advertising Poster – The London Dungeon, 2004 |
|
Winners of England for Excellence Awards in 1995 |
|
The ‘Countries’ of England in 2002 |
|
Brontė Country |
|
Harry Potter’s England (map) |
|
Many Tourist Attraction Logos Give an Idea about the Nature of the Attraction |
Mini Case Studies
|
Chapter 1 |
Chapter 7 |
|
National Heritage Memorial Fund |
Quarry Bank Mill |
|
The Millennium Dome – Success or Failure? |
Battersea Power Station |
|
|
Ironbridge Gorge Museum |
|
Chapter 2 |
|
|
The British Museum – Developing A National
Museum |
Chapter 8 |
|
The Getty Museum |
The Anderton Boat Lift |
|
Colonial Williamsburg |
The Mary Rose |
|
|
Beaulieu Motor Museum |
|
Chapter 3 |
|
|
Warwick Castle |
Chapter 9 |
|
Tyntesfield – A Victorian Time Capsule |
An Anomaly – The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads |
|
The Alnwick Garden – Traditional Gardening |
Britain’s Most Popular National Park – The
Lake District |
|
The Eden Project – A New Take on Gardening |
Funding the National Trust |
|
Kew Gardens – A World Heritage Garden |
The New Forest |
|
|
The National Forest |
|
Chapter 4 |
Hadrian’s Wall – a New National Trail |
|
St. George’s Chapel, Windsor |
|
|
King’s College Chapel, Cambridge |
Chapter 10 |
|
Arnos Vale Cemetery in Bristol |
Jersey Zoo |
|
Fountains Abbey |
Problems at London Zoo |
|
|
|
|
Chapter 5 |
Chapter 11 |
|
Stonehenge... Traditional Presentation of
Archaeology |
Disneyworld Florida |
|
Jorvik... Bringing the Past to Life Again |
Disneyland Resort Paris |
|
English Heritage – Caring for Britain’s
Historic Monuments |
Legoland Windsor |
|
Portmeirion Conservation Area |
The Sorry Saga of Brighton’s West Pier |
|
Wigan Pier Heritage Centre |
Bath’s New-Look Spa |
|
The Beatles – A Hit and Miss Story |
|
|
The Albert Memorial |
Chapter 12 |
|
|
The Edinburgh Festival |
|
Chapter 6 |
The Liverpool Garden Festival – Failing to
Think for the Long Term |
|
The Victoria and Albert Museum |
Notting Hill Carnival |
|
Tate Modern and Funding Tate |
|
|
The National Art Collections Fund |
Chapter 13 |
|
Baltic – A New Image for Gateshead |
The Abu Simbel Temples |
|
New Life for the Globe Theatre |
The Acropolis |
|
The Royal Shakespeare Company |
The Elgin Marbles – Whose Marbles are They
Anyway? |
|
Taking Music to the Masses – The ‘Prom’
Concerts |
The Madonna of the Pinks – a ‘British’
Masterpiece? |
|
Changing Times at the Royal Opera House |
|
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