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This book is aimed at both undergraduate and postgraduate students on tourism courses in the UK and further afield. It will also appeal to those practising tourism planning in both local government and the private sector, as well as within National Tourism Organisations around the globe. For the first time the whole range of contemporary planning issues are addressed, including assessment of tourism potential, resort planning, coordination and control of tourism development, planning and conservation, and planning for sustainable tourism development.
It also includes a ground-breaking chapter on contingency planning and risk management, drawing on the lessons from events throughout the 1990’s, the more recent Foot & Mouth crisis in Britain and the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. The implications for NTO’s to develop policies including crisis management, risk assessment and contingency planning are discussed in full.
The
book draws on the author’s first-hand experience as a tourism planner over the
past 30 years, including working
for a major Metropolitan authority in England and lecturing on tourism planning
on the Master’s course at the University of Surrey. Throughout the book there are numerous examples drawn from
Britain, the USA, Asia and Australia.
Go to Tourism
Planning -Tutor’s Manual
For the first time this is a systematic attempt to bring together the disciplines of planning and tourism management. The book is aimed at students drawn from all levels of tourism study – from those encountering the subject for the first time at GCSE Advanced level or as part of a university undergraduate or postgraduate course. It has been written in a style that attempts to be accessible to students at these levels and is hopefully free of jargon.
The genesis for this book lies in a series of lectures that I gave in Tourism Planning as part of a Master’s course at the University of Surrey in 1996. It also draws on over 30 years’ experience in planning and managing tourism resources, and attempts to distil the key elements of both the planning process in general and the particular requirements in planning for tourism as an activity and an industry.
It also includes research that I initially undertook on behalf of the Economist Intelligence Unit (Travel and Tourism Analyst) where some of the issues raised in this book were first discussed.
Planning (or Town and Country Planning as it was originally known in Britain) goes back over 100 years, and in terms of ground-breaking Acts of Parliament such as the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act, over 50 years. Tourism studies and tourism management has a much more recent history, and has only evolved over the past 30 years or so.
Initially tourism planning was essentially physical or land-use planning, with little or no attempt to consider issues concerning conservation or sustainable development. In more recent years there has been a growing recognition of the need for tourism development that is sustainable, and alongside this to conserve scarce resources for future generations.
There has also been an awareness that with improvements in aircraft technology, distances have shrunk between continents in terms of travel time – so that once distant places are now readily accessible. With this has come a realization that the tourism industry is quickly affected by geopolitical considerations – from wars to natural disasters, as well as shifts in regional or national economic fortunes. Major players in the tourism industry need to be fully informed, not just about the markets they serve, but also about present and future trends that will affect the social, political and economic world in which they operate.
Chapter 1 examines definitions of planning, outlines the key elements of the planning process and introduces the topic of planning for tourism. Subsequent chapters consider national and regional planning for tourism development, drawing upon examples from Europe, Australia and Asia.
Chapter 2 reviews the scale of tourism planning on a national, regional or local basis using examples from Australia, Canada, Malta, Hong Kong, the UK and France.
Chapter 3 provides an outline of the tourism planning process, including the key components of tourism analysis, the classification of tourism resources, and measuring the values of these resources.
Chapter 4 considers the methodology of assessing the tourism potential for an area or region, including the role of landscape, the features that attract tourists, and issues of carrying capacity.
Chapter 5 looks at resort planning – probably the most visible and easily recognized consequence of tourism planning and development. Examples are given of approaches to resort development across the world, and the latest trends in resort planning are discussed.
Chapter 6 examines the policy context for tourism planning – particularly by public sector bodies at national, regional and local level. The role of governments in this process and national and regional approaches towards planning for tourism development are also considered.
Chapter 7 considers the interaction and underlying tensions between planning and conservation. In doing so, there is an outline of the ways on measuring the impacts of tourism on the environment, the concept of capacity and environmental planning, and policy responses to reconciling tourism planning and conservation issues.
Chapter 8 develops these themes in the context of planning for sustainable tourism development, and through case studies from around the world provides examples of best practice in long term planning and conservation in the use of scarce or irreplaceable natural resources.
Chapter 9 was written after the awful events of September 11, 2001 and for the first time in the literature provides a set of principles and guidelines for contingency planning for tourism operations. It considers the impact of both natural and man-made disasters, and outlines the key components of risk analysis, risk management and contingency planning. Again it draws upon examples from events throughout the world over the last 20 years and considers in some detail regional and company responses to the events of 2001. It also provides some practical guidelines for crisis management.
The final Chapter (10) draws together the key points made throughout the book and sets out a range of general principles that can be applied in planning for tourism development in any location and in any part of the world.
Patrick Lavery, Northumberland, April, 2002
Chapter 1: Introduction to Tourism Planning
Chapter 2: National and Regional Tourism Planning
Chapter 3: The Tourism Planning Process
Chapter 4: Assessment of Tourism Potential
Chapter 5: Resort Planning
Chapter 6: Coordination and Control of Tourism Development
Chapter 7: Tourism Planning and Conservation: Policies and Procedures
Chapter 8: Planning for Sustainable Tourism Development: case studies
Chapter 9: Contingency Planning
Chapter 10: Tourism Planning: Conclusions and General Principles
Index
Figure 1/1: Basic Stages in Tourism Planning
Figure 2/1: Australian Tourist Commission – Corporate Objectives
Figure 2/2: Australian Tourist Commission’s Planning and Evaluation Process
Figure 2/3: Maltese Islands Tourism Development
Figure 2/4: Resort Development in the Languedoc-Roussillon Region
Figure 3/1: Classification of Tourism Resources
Figure 3/2: Potential Surface Technique for Identifying Potential Informal Recreation Areas
Figure 3/3a: An Assessment of the Recreation Resources in Lanarkshire – Land-based Recreation & Scenery
Figure 3/3b: An Assessment of the Recreation Resources in Lanarkshire – Ecology & Recreation Environment
Figure 3/4: The Travel Cost Method
Figure 4/1: Climate Potential for Winter Recreation in Canada
Figure 5/1: Distribution of Holiday Resorts in Western Europe
Figure 5/2: Sketch Diagram of a Typical Seaside Resort
Figure 5/3: Characteristic Morphology of Selected Resorts in Western Europe
(a) Nice and Menton
(b) Biarritz, Le Touquet, Benidorm, Baden-Baden
(c) Scarborough, Monte Carlo, St Raphael, Heidelberg
Figure 5/4: The Resort Planning Process
Figure 5/5: Port Grimaud and the Marines de Cogolin
Figure 5/6: La Grande Motte
Figure 6/1: South Wales Valleys Strategy
Figure 6/2: Greater Belfast Destination Zones
Figure 6/3: North-west Leicestershire Strategy
Figure 7/1: Elements of the Outdoor Recreation Experience
Figure 7/2: The Main Features and Visitor Facilities in Yosemite National Park
Figure 7/3: Areas Inaccessible to Motor Vehicles in the Central Part of Yellowstone National Park
Figure 7/4: The Route Network of a Part of the Peak District National Park, and a Scheme for Segregation within it
Figure 7/5: National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Stretches of Heritage Coast in England and Wales
Figure 7/6: National Parks, National Road Networks and Towns
Figure 8/1: Criteria for the Development of Sustainable Tourism
Figure 8/2: Environmental Impact Analysis Matrix
Figure 8/3: Conceptual Framework Illustrating Types of Tourism and Sustainable Development Criteria
Figure 8/4: The North Sea Trail – the North Sea Coastal Path
Figure 8/5: The Northumberland Coast
Figure 8/6: Bhutan Tourism Development Plan
Figure 8/7: Key Waterfront Developments on Tyneside
all black and white illustrations
Plate 5/1: Sea Front and Central Pier, Promenade & Amusement Park – Santa Monica, CA, USA
Plate 5/2: Resort Development on the Languedoc-Rousillon Coast, France
Plate 5/3: Harbour and Resort Development on the Languedoc-Rousillon Coast, France
Plate 5/4: Ships at the Maritime Museum, San Francisco, USA
Plate 5/5: Cinderella’s Castle, Disneyland, Orlando, Florida, USA
Plate 5/6: Disney’s Boardwalk Resort by night, Florida, USA
Plate 7/1: Yosemite National Park – the Central Valley from Glacier Point, USA
Plate 7/2: Yosemite National Park – Natural Vegetation Cover on the Valley Floor, USA
Plate 7/3 : Old Faithful, Yellowstone Park, USA
Plate 7/4: The Goyt Valley – Before the Experiment, UK
Plate 7/5: The Goyt Valley – After the Experiment, UK
Plate 8/1: Darling Harbour, Sydney, Australia
Plate 8/2: Sydney Harbour, with Darling Harbour in the distance, Australia
Plate 8/3: The Tall Ships Visit Newcastle-upon-Tyne Quayside, UK
Plate 8/4: The Millennium Bridge, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Plate 8/5: The Eden Project – the Main Biospheres Containing Tropical and Mediterranean Plants and Trees, UK
Plate 8/6: The Eden Project – the Interior of the Tropical Biosphere, UK
Plate 10/1: Crater Lake and Wizard Island, USA
Table 5/1: Holidays in Britain, main mode of travel
Table 5/2: Major Integrated Resorts Worldwide
Table 10/1: Managing Negative Aspects of Tourism
Patrick Lavery has over 30 years experience of research and planning for tourism and has worked in China, Hong Kong, Australia, the United States and throughout Europe.
He has taught at the Universities of Liverpool, London, Bournemouth and Surrey, and for almost nine years was principal planning officer responsible for tourism planning at a major metropolitan county council.
He was formerly Pro-Vice Chancellor for the University of Humberside and the first Head of Tourism at the University of Bournemouth. In this latter capacity he was responsible for establishing the Department of Tourism and producing the first undergraduate level degree course in tourism studies in 1985, followed by a Master’s course in European Tourism in 1987.
From 1983 until 1996 he acted as an advisor on education and training to the European Commission.
He has published five books and numerous papers on tourism over the past 30 years.
Dr Lavery now works as a consultant in the fields of education and training, tourism planning and economic development. Over the past decade he has advised universities and public and private sector organisations in Britain, Europe and at international level. He has also worked as a senior consultant for The Prince’s Trust since 1996 and as an advisor to HRH the Prince of Wales on rural issues since 1999.
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