travel and tourism by Patrick Lavery from elm publications

Travel and Tourism – Patrick Lavery

5th edition –September 2005

Book, A4 wirebound, approx 294 pages, colour illustrations, polypropylene box with spine,

ISBN 978-1-85450-441-8 – £29.95

(ISBN-10 185450 441X)

Bulk Student edition, (5 copies or more) direct from elm publications. A4 wirebound, black and white illustrations, no box,

ISBN 978-1-85450-501-9 (ISBN-10 1 85450 501 7@ GBP £19.95 each

Introduction

Contents

About the Author

List of Figures, Photographs, Maps and Diagrams

List of Tables

Index of Topics and Curriculum Links

Go to Travel and Tourism Tutors’ Pack

Introduction

This fifth edition of Travel and Tourism provides an overview and introduction to the study of tourism as both a phenomenon and one of the world’s major industries. Many students reading this book will be studying tourism for the first time, although some may be familiar with the broad composition of the industry.

Since the first edition appeared in 1987, there have been two Gulf Wars, the growth of international terrorism including aircraft and cruise liner hijacks, epidemics such as Foot and Mouth in animals and SARS and avian ‘flu in animals and humans, and threats to the global economy. There have also been great technological advances in aircraft and rail travel as well as the explosion in the use of the internet throughout the travel business. Within the book there are case studies which chart how these events have impacted on the tourism industry, and how companies and countries have responded.

This fifth edition provides a comprehensive update on the many and varied developments in the tourism industry over the past decade. It is also probably the most up-to-date textbook on the market, with facts and figures as recent as September 2005.

Given that tourism is a world industry, this book also draws upon examples from almost every continent - from China to the USA and from Canada to Australia.

Each chapter begins by identifying specific learning objectives and ends with further reading and exercises.

In addition, a large Tutor’s Pack accompanies this book, with 36 exercises and assignments and several useful small case studies. These will help students studying for those exams where course work and assignments are a key part of the course, as well as building up portfolios of evidence to show their knowledge and understanding of the tourism industry. It is suitable for students studying tourism at all levels from those in the sixth-form to undergraduates taking the subject for the first time.

Patrick Lavery, Northumberland, September, 2005

Chapter 1: The Tourism Industry

Chapter 2: The Development of the Tourism Industry

Chapter 3: The Structure of the Tourism Industry in Britain

Chapter 4: International Tourism: an Overview

Chapter 5: The Retail Travel Sector

Chapter 6: The Passenger Transport Sector

Chapter 7: The Accommodation Sector

Chapter 8: Public Sector Tourism

Chapter 9: Planning and Development of Tourism

Chapter 10: Tourism Marketing

Chapter 11: Tourism Impact Studies, 1,

the Economic Impact of Tourism

Chapter 12: Tourism Impact Studies, 2,

the Impact of Tourism on the Environment

Chapter 13: Sustainable Tourism

Chapter 14: New in Tourism

References, Further Reading and Internet Sites, Index.

The Author

Patrick Lavery has over 30 years experience of research and planning for tourism and has worked in China, Hong Kong, Australia, the USA and throughout Europe.

He has taught at the Universities of Liverpool, London, Bournemouth and Surrey, and for almost nine years was principal planning officer responsible for tourism planning at a major metropolitan county council.

He was formerly Pro-Vice Chancellor for the University of Humberside and the first Head of Tourism at the University of Bournemouth. In this latter capacity he was responsible for establishing the Department of Tourism and producing the first undergraduate level degree course in tourism studies in 1985, followed by a Master’s course in European Tourism in 1987.

From 1983 until 1996 he acted as an advisor on education and training to the European Commission.

He has published five books, in several editions, and numerous papers on tourism over the past 30 years.

In 2003 he was interim Head of region (NE) for the University for Industry.

Dr Lavery now works as a consultant in the fields of education and training, tourism planning and economic development. Over the past decade he has advised universities and public and private sector organisations in Britain, Europe and at international level. He has also worked as a senior consultant for The Prince’s Trust since 1996 and as an advisor to HRH the Prince of Wales on rural issues since 1999.

List of Figures – photographs, maps and diagrams

Figure 1.1: International Tourist Arrivals, Forecasts, 1990 - 2020

Figure 1.2: Real Spending by Overseas Visitors to the UK 1984 - 2004

Figure 2.1: Scarborough in 1735

Figure 2.2: Sketch Diagram of a Typical Seaside Resort

Figure 2.3: Origin of Visitors Resident in Keswick, 1877

Figure 2.4: Seaside Towns and Resorts in the UK

Figure 2.5: Thomas Cook’s Tour to Loughborough, 1841

Figure 2.6: Overseas Visitors to the UK, 1946 - 1970

Figure 3.1: The Main London Airports

Figure 3.2: The Main Airports in the UK (map)

Figure 3.3: A Typical “Milk-run” for Overseas Visitors (map)

Figure 3.4: Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China

Figure 3.5 UK Residents’ Visits Abroad by Main Area of Visit, 2003

Figure 4.1: Thailand and South Africa - Growing Popularity with Western Tourists

Figure 4.2: France - the World’s Favourite Tourism Destination

Figure 5.1: Travel Agencies and Tour Operators

Figure 5.2: Monarch, an Inclusive Tour Operator

Figure 5.3: Business Travel on a Boeing 777

Figure 5.4: Links in the Retail Travel Sector

Figure 6.1: The Main Inter-city Rail Network (map)

Figure 6.2: Rail Services: Local, Regional and to Europe (maps)

Figure 6.3: Private Railways: the Nene Valley Railway

Figure 6.4: Cruise Ships

Figure 6.5: Passenger Ferries

Figure 6.6: Ferry Route Map

Figure 6.7: Freight Cages at Eurotunnel, Calais

Figure 6.8: A Forecast of the Growth in Customer Demand for Air Travel to 2017

Figure 6.9: Chronology of Air Transport Regulation History, 1972 - 2005

Figure 6.10: Individual Video Screens for Passenger Choice

Figure 7.1: The Accommodation Sector in the UK - Scotland

Figure 7.2: The Accommodation Sector in the UK - the “English Riviera”

Figure 7.3: Distribution of Center Parcs in Europe, 2005 (map)

Figure 7.4: Holiday Parks in the UK

Figure 8.1: Tourist Board Structure in the UK, from 2003

Figure 8.2: Regional Tourist Boards in England & Wales (map)

Figure 8.3: Scotland’s Area Tourist Boards (map)

Figure 8.4: Scarborough Bay

Figure 8.5: Torbay - Oddicombe Beach

Figure 8.6: Niagara Falls

Figure 9.1: Basic Stages in Tourism Planning

Figure 9.2: Resort Development in the Languedoc-Roussillon Region

Figure 9.3: Port Grimaud & the Marines de Cogolin

Figure 9.4: Hadrian’s Wall

Figure 9.5: Ships at the Open-air Museum, Portsmouth Docks

Figure 9.6: Portsmouth Harbour Tourist Development Action Programme Area

Figure 9.7: Bhutan Tourism Development Plan (map)

Figure 10.1: The Product Life Cycle

Figure 10.2: A Typical ‘Z’ graph

Figure 10.3: Greater Belfast Destination Zones

Figure 11.1 Spending by Overseas Residents in the UK

and by UK Residents Abroad, 1981 - 2003

Figure 11.2: Balance of Payments Travel - surplus / deficit, 1981 - 2003

Figure 12.1: Elements of the Outdoor Recreation Experience

Figure 12.2: La Grande Motte, Languedoc-Roussillon, France

Figure 12.3: Environmental Impact Analysis Matrix

Figure 12.4: National Parks and Monuments in the USA

Figure 12.5: Yosemite National Park, USA

Figure 12.6: Areas Inaccessible to Motor Vehicles, Yellowstone (map)

Figure 12.7: Yosemite National Park, USA: features (map)

Figure 12.8: National Parks, AONBs & Heritage Coasts in England & Wales (map)

Figure 12.9: National Parks and National Road Networks (map)

Figure 13.1: Cardiff Bay Development

Figure 13.2: Crater Lake

Figure 14.1: Open Air Museums, UK and USA

Figure 14.2: USS Pampanito, San Francisco, USA

Figure 14.3: Darling Harbour, Sydney, Australia

Figure 14.4: Influences and Determinants on Tourism

List of Tables

Table 1.1: World Tourist Arrivals - Forecast to 2020

Table 1.2: The Top Ranking Most Visited … in the UK, 2000+

Table 1.3: Overseas Visitors to the UK: by market countries/areas, 1980 - 2003

Table 1.4: UK Employment in Tourism related industries, June 1997 - June 2003

Table 1.5: International Travel - Arrivals & Receipts, 1960 - 2004

Table 3.1: Countries of Origin for Tourists to the UK, 2002 - 2004

Table 3.2: Overseas Visitors to the UK, Visits & Expenditure, 1966 - 2004

Table 3.3: Distribution of all Tourism Trips in England, 2004

Table 3.4: UK Travellers Abroad, 2003

Table 4.1: Growth in World Tourist Arrivals, 1950 - 2003

Table 4.2: International Tourist Arrivals, 1990 - 2004

Table 4.3: World’s Top Tourism Spenders, 2003

Table 4.4: International Travel - Leading Destination Countries, 2000 - 2003

Table 4.5: International Tourist Arrivals, Forecast by Region, 1950 - 2020

Table 4.6: World’s Top 10 Tourism Destinations, 2004

Table 4.7: World’s Top 15 Tourism Earners, 2001 - 2003

Table 5.1: ABTA membership Figures, 1990-2005

Table 5.2: Percentage of sales by USA Travel Agents, 2004

Table 5.3: Ten Top-ranking Travel Agencies in the USA, 2002

Table 5.4: Passengers Carried by the Top 20 ATOL Holders, 2004 -2005

Table 5.5: Business Trips as a Percentage of Total Trips Made: UK & Overseas Visitors 2000 - 2004

Table 6.1: Main Mode of Tourism Transport in UK, 1982 - 2004

Table 6.2: USA Cruise Passenger Growth, 1970 - 2005

Table 6.3: Cruise Lines, 2004-2005

Table 6.4: Nationality of Sea Cruise Passengers, 2000

Table 6.5: Large Cruise Ships - New and Under Construction, 2005-2009

Table 6.6: Growth of Channel/North Sea Ferry Traffic 1975 - 2004

Table 6.7: Ferry Traffic, Port of Dover, 1997 - 2004

Table 6.8: Aircraft Operational Characteristics, 1940 - 2005

Table 7.1: World’s Largest Hotel Groups, 2004 - 2005

Table 7.2: European Hotel Occupancy Rates by Country, 2005

Table 7.3: The UK Budget Hotel Market, 2005

Table 7.4: Accommodation Used for Domestic Holidays, 2004

Table 7.5: Main Holiday Camp Operators, 2005

Table 9.1: Forecasts of Peak Capacity at Main Sites on the Roman Wall

Table 10.1: Regional Growth Tourist Arrivals, 1990 - 2003

Table 10.2: Competitive Assessment UK, 2003

Table 10.3: Competitive Assessment to 2010

Table 11.1: Value of Tourism in the UK, 2000 - 2003

Table 11.2: A Transactions Matrix

Table 11.3: The Tourism Multiplier in Action

Table 11.4: International Tourism Receipts by Region, 2000 - 2004

Table 11.5: UK Employment in Tourism-related Industries, 1997 - 2002

Table 11.6: Travel UK - Annual Figures, 1960 - 2003

Table 11.7 Value of Tourism Compared with Other Leading Exports, 1990 - 2000

Table 11.8: Value of Tourism, Invisible Exports & Total Exports, 1970 - 2004

Table 12.1: Suggested Space Standards for Environmental Capacity

Table 12.2: Tourism Capacity of Leading Regions, Spain

Table 12.3: Tourism Market Share of Leading Regions, Spain

Table 13.1: Managing Negative Impacts of Tourism

Table 14.1: Visitors to the Top 10 Theme Parks in the USA, 2004

Table 14.2: Timeshare Owners in the UK, 1993 - 2001

Table 14.3: Visitors to Bali 2000 - 2005

Index of Topics and Curriculum Links

numbers refer to the TUTORS PACK

Topic covered	Number


accommodation, UK data	7a
airports, London	3b
AONBs	8b
Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty	8b
attractions in the UK	1c

bar chart (examples)	1b, 7a, 7b
bedspaces, accommodation use	7a
bed and breakfast, setting up	7c
business development, B&B	7c
business accommodation	7b

car use	6c
city rejuvenation	14a
country symbol, marketing	10c
cruise ship etiquette	6b

data analysis	1b, 7a, 7b
data collection	1a, 1d
data interpretation	1b, 7a, 7b
data presentation	1b, 7a, 7b
destination countries for tourism	4b
development of tourism	2a
development proposals	8b

economic impact of tourism	11a
employment in tourism	3c
environmental issues (Bhutan)	9b
ethical tourism, debate	11b

family holidays	5a
fieldwork, sustainable tourism	13
fieldwork, travel agencies	10a
Foot & Mouth Disease crisis, case study	12b

geography of the UK	1c
geography of the world	5c
grant aid	8a

health and safety	14c
history of tourism	2b
holiday accommodation	7b
holiday camps, resorts & villages	2b
holiday villages	2b
hotel market	7a
international data on tourism	4a
international holidays	5c
international hotel market	7b
internet use	1a, 1d, 3c, 6b, 7c, 10a, 10c, 11b
library use	1d
London accommodation use	7b
London’s airports	3b

marketing holidays	2b, 5c
marketing a country	10c
marketing a small business, B&B	7c
marketing cruises	6c
marketing day-trips to France	10c
motor car use	6c

newspapers and documents	1d

own business, B&B	7c

pandemics and tourism (SARS)	14b
personal safety travelling	14c
pie chart (examples)	1b
planning London airports	3b
presentation (data)	1b, 7a, 7b

rejuvenating a city	14a
renting holiday rooms, B&B	7c
rooms, accommodation use	7a

SARS	14b
scheduling a trip	1c
seasonality and tourism	5c
selling day-trips to France	10c
selling international holidays	5c
SIC 2003	3c
social issues	1d, 2b, 3c, 5a, 6b, 8b, 11b, 13a, 14b, 14c
spending on tourism	4b
Standard Industrial Classification, 2003	3c
structure of Tourist Boards	3c
sustainable tourism	13

terrorism (and violence)	14c
tour scheduling	1c, 6a
Tourist Board structure	3c
transport comparisons	6a
travel agencies	5b
travel brochures	10
travel industry practices	1d
travelling abroad, crime	1d
trip scheduling	1c

violence (and terrorism)	14c

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